Настоящее продолженное время (The Present Continuous / Present Progressive)
The Present Continuous tense (also known as the Present Progressive) is used to describe actions that are happening at the moment of speaking, temporary situations, and planned future arrangements.
Образование Present Continuous
The Present Continuous is formed using the auxiliary verb "to be" (am, is, are) and the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb.
1. Утвердительные предложения
| Лицо / Число | Вспомогательный глагол (to be) | Основной глагол (to work) (V-ing) | Пример |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | working | I am working. |
| You | are | working | You are working. |
| He / She / It | is | working | He is working. |
| We | are | working | We are working. |
| You | are | working | You are working. |
| They | are | working | They are working. |
- Сокращения: В неформальной речи и письме очень распространены сокращения:
- I'm working
- You're working
- He's / She's / It's working
- We're working
- They're working
2. Отрицательные предложения
To form negative sentences, we place 'not' after the auxiliary verb "to be".
| Лицо / Число | Вспомогательный глагол (to be) + not | Основной глагол (to work) (V-ing) | Пример |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am not | working | I am not working. |
| You | are not / aren't | working | You are not working. / You aren't working. |
| He / She / It | is not / isn't | working | He is not working. / He isn't working. |
| We | are not / aren't | working | We are not working. / We aren't working. |
| You | are not / aren't | working | You are not working. / You aren't working. |
| They | are not / aren't | working | They are not working. / They aren't working. |
- Пример: She isn't reading a book right now.
- Пример: We are not playing outside today.
3. Вопросительные предложения (Вопросы)
To form questions, we invert the subject and the auxiliary verb "to be".
| Вспомогательный глагол (to be) | Подлежащее | Основной глагол (to work) (V-ing) | Пример |
|---|---|---|---|
| Am | I | working? | Am I working? |
| Are | you | working? | Are you working? |
| Is | he / she / it | working? | Is he working? |
| Are | we | working? | Are we working? |
| Are | you | working? | Are you working? |
| Are | they | working? | Are they working? |
- Пример: Are you listening to music?
- Пример: Is he coming to the party?
- Пример: What are they doing? (для Wh-вопросов)
Использование Present Continuous
Present Continuous используется для выражения:
- 1. Действия, происходящие в момент речи: Описывает действия, которые происходят прямо сейчас.
- I am writing an email.
- She is watching TV.
- Look! It is snowing.
Распространенные наречия: now, right now, at the moment, currently.
- 2. Временные действия или ситуации: Описывает действия, которые продолжаются в течение ограниченного периода, не обязательно в точный момент речи.
- I am studying English this semester. (Не обязательно учится именно в эту секунду)
- He is staying at a hotel this week.
- They are working on a new project.
- 3. Будущие договоренности или планы: Используется для определенных планов и договоренностей в ближайшем будущем, часто с упоминанием конкретного времени или даты.
- We are meeting at 9 AM tomorrow.
- She is flying to London next week.
- Are you doing anything tonight?
- 4. Раздражение или критика (с always, constantly, forever): Используется для жалоб на привычное действие, которое раздражает.
- He is always complaining about something.
- You are constantly interrupting me!
- They are forever arguing.
- 5. Изменяющиеся или развивающиеся ситуации: Для описания тенденций или разработок, которые происходят в настоящее время.
- The climate is changing rapidly.
- The world's population is growing very fast.
- English is becoming more and more important.
Глаголы, не используемые в продолженных временах (Stative Verbs)
As mentioned with the Present Simple, certain verbs (stative verbs) typically describe states, emotions, senses, possession, or opinions, rather than actions. These verbs are generally not used in any continuous tenses.
- Примеры: love, hate, know, believe, understand, see, hear, smell, taste, want, need, have (для владения), seem, appear (со значением казаться), и т. д.
- I understand you. (НЕ I am understanding you.)
- She loves chocolate. (НЕ She is loving chocolate.)
- He has a car. (НЕ He is having a car.)
Примечание: Some stative verbs can be used in continuous forms when they express an action or a temporary behavior (e.g., He is being rude - referring to temporary behavior; I'm having lunch - referring to an action, not possession).
Понимание Present Continuous помогает вам точно описывать действия в процессе, временные ситуации и планы на будущее в английском языке.