Сокращения в английском языке
The apostrophe in contractions replaces omitted letters when combining words, making speech more natural and writing more conversational.
Основные сокращения
Распространенные сокращения объединяют местоимения с глаголами или отрицают глаголы:
Структура:
Слово1 + Слово2 → Объединенная форма'contraction
Примеры:
- I am → I'm
- You are → You're
- They have → They've
Типы сокращений
1. Глагол + Not
Отрицание глаголов с помощью 'not':
- Do not → Don't
- Cannot → Can't
- Will not → Won't
2. Местоимение + Глагол
Объединение местоимений со вспомогательными глаголами:
- She is → She's
- We have → We've
- They would → They'd
3. Вопросительные слова + Is/Has
Объединение вопросительных слов с глаголами:
- What is → What's
- Who has → Who's
Рекомендации по использованию сокращений
| Контекст | Уместно | Неуместно |
|---|---|---|
| Informal Writing | I don't know | I do not know |
| Formal Writing | Do not enter | Don't enter |
| Dialogue | "You're late," she said. | "You are late," she said. |
| Академические работы | The results are significant | The results're significant |
Особые случаи и исключения
- Homophones: Some contractions sound like other words
they're (they are) vs their vs there
who's (who is/has) vs whose
- Double Contractions: Informal forms like 'shouldn't've'
Avoid in formal writing
- Non-Standard Forms: Dialectal forms like 'ain't' should be used carefully
- Possessive Pronouns: Don't confuse with contractions (its vs it's)
Практические примеры
Преобразуйте их в сокращения, где это уместно:
- She will not be coming
- I would have told you
- It is raining (неформальный контекст)
- They are going to the park