Грамматические функции местоимений
Местоимения заменяют существительные, но они делают больше, чем просто подменяют их. Они также должны принимать ту же грамматическую функцию, что и существительное, которое они заменяют. Эта функция, которая часто связана с падежом местоимения, определяет его роль в предложении.
1. Подлежащее предложения
The most common function is as the subject, the noun or pronoun that performs the action of the verb. In this role, a pronoun must be in the subjective case (e.g., I, he, she, they).
- She went to the library.
- We are working on the project.
In these examples, she and we are performing the actions of going and working, respectively.
2. Прямое дополнение глагола
A pronoun can also be the direct object, receiving the action of the verb. In this case, it must be in the objective case (e.g., me, him, her, them).
- The dog chased him.
- Sarah saw us at the concert.
Here, him and us are the receivers of the actions of chasing and seeing.
3. Дополнение предлога
Pronouns that follow prepositions (e.g., to, for, with, on) also must be in the objective case. This is a common point of confusion for speakers.
- She gave the letter to him. (Correct)
She gave the letter to he.(Incorrect)- They shared a pizza with me. (Correct)
They shared a pizza with I.(Incorrect)
4. Именная часть составного сказуемого
A subject complement follows a linking verb (e.g., to be, to seem, to become) and renames or describes the subject. Formally, a pronoun in this position should be in the subjective case, although in casual speech, the objective case is often used.
- Formal: It was I who called.
- Informal: It was me who called.
Для формального письма и речи лучше всего использовать субъектный падеж в этом контексте.