Образование фразовых глаголов
A phrasal verb combines a main verb with one or more particles (typically adverbs or prepositions) to create a new meaning that often differs significantly from the original verb.
Базовая структура
[Verb] + [Particle] = [New Meaning]
Примеры:
- look + up = search for information
- give + up = quit
- turn + down = reject
Типы фразовых глаголов
1. Непереходные фразовые глаголы
Don't take a direct object:
- The plane took off.
- He showed up late.
2. Переходные разделяемые
Object can separate the verb and particle:
- Turn on the light. OR Turn the light on.
- Pick up your clothes. OR Pick your clothes up.
3. Переходные неразделяемые
Object must follow the entire phrasal verb:
- She looks after her brother.
- We ran into an old friend.
Распространенные значения частиц
| Частица | Общее значение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| up | Completion or intensification | clean up, give up |
| out | Revealing or distributing | find out, hand out |
| off | Separation or departure | take off, put off |
| on | Continuation or attachment | put on, carry on |
Советы по использованию
- Word order matters: With separable phrasal verbs, pronoun objects must go between the verb and particle
Correct: Turn it on.
Incorrect: Turn on it.
- Formality: Many phrasal verbs have Latin-based equivalents that are more formal
put off (postpone), find out (discover)
- Multiple meanings: The same phrasal verb can have different meanings in different contexts
take off: remove clothing OR airplane departure
Распространенные ошибки
- Incorrect separation: Trying to separate inseparable phrasal verbs
Incorrect: She looked her brother after.
- Literal interpretation: Taking the meaning too literally
break down means stop working, not physically break
- Overuse: Using phrasal verbs when a simpler verb would suffice
Instead of "put up with," sometimes "tolerate" is better