Создание инфинитивов
The particle to serves as the infinitive marker in English, creating the base form of verbs used in various grammatical constructions.
Структура инфинитива
to + [Base Verb] = [Infinitive]
Ключевые характеристики:
- Unconjugated: Doesn't change for tense or subject
- Non-finite: Doesn't indicate time by itself
- Versatile: Can function as noun, adjective, or adverb
Основное использование инфинитивов
1. После определенных глаголов
Many verbs require an infinitive complement:
- I want to learn.
- She decided to stay.
- We hope to see you soon.
2. После прилагательных
Expressing purpose or reaction:
- It's important to practice.
- I'm happy to help.
3. Выражение цели
Answering 'why' questions:
- I came to study.
- This tool is used to cut wood.
Типы инфинитивов
| Тип | Структура | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| Full Infinitive | to + verb | to read |
| Bare Infinitive | Base verb alone | Let me help |
| Continuous Infinitive | to be + -ing | to be working |
| Perfect Infinitive | to have + past participle | to have seen |
Особые случаи и исключения
- Bare infinitives: Used after modal verbs and some special verbs
I can swim. (Not "can to swim")
- Split infinitives: Adverbs between 'to' and the verb
I need to quickly finish.
- 'To' as preposition: Distinguishing from infinitive marker
I look forward to seeing you. (Gerund after preposition)
Распространенные ошибки
- Adding 'to' after modal verbs:
Incorrect: I must to go.
Correct: I must go.
- Confusing with gerunds:
Incorrect: I enjoy to swim.
Correct: I enjoy swimming.
- Omitting 'to' when required:
Incorrect: I want go.
Correct: I want to go.