Функции подлежащего/дополнения

Nouns play a crucial role in sentences by performing actions or being affected by them. The main functions of a noun in a sentence are to act as the subject or the object.

Подлежащее

The subject of a sentence is the noun or pronoun that performs the action of the verb. It usually comes before the main verb.

Существительное в качестве подлежащего	Предложение	Глагол
The dog	The dog barked loudly.	barked
Maria	Maria reads a book.	reads
The students	The students arrived late.	arrived

Дополнение

The object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. There are several types of objects.

Прямое дополнение

The direct object directly receives the action of the verb. It answers the question “What?” or “Whom?”

Глагол	Прямое дополнение	Предложение
reads	a book	Maria reads a book.
ate	the pizza	I ate the pizza.
saw	the famous actor	We saw the famous actor.

Косвенное дополнение

The indirect object tells us to whom or for whom the action of the verb is performed. It usually comes between the verb and the direct object.

Глагол	Косвенное дополнение	Прямое дополнение	Предложение
gave	her	the flowers	He gave her the flowers.
sent	me	a gift	They sent me a gift.

Дополнение предлога

A noun can also be the object of a preposition, which is the noun that follows a preposition (e.g., in, on, at, with).

Предлог	Дополнение	Предложение
in	the box	The keys are in the box.
with	my friend	I went to the cinema with my friend.