Имена собственные против нарицательных
Nouns in English can be broadly categorized into two main groups: common nouns and proper nouns. Understanding the difference is essential for correct capitalization and usage.
Нарицательные существительные
Common nouns are general names for a person, place, thing, or idea. They are not capitalized unless they appear at the beginning of a sentence.
| Человек | Место | Вещь | Идея |
|---|---|---|---|
| teacher, boy, mother | city, country, school | computer, book, car | love, freedom, happiness |
Примеры предложений:
- The dog is playing in the garden.
- She is a good teacher.
Имена собственные
Proper nouns are specific names for a particular person, place, organization, or thing. They are always capitalized.
| Человек | Место | Вещь / Организация | Дата / Событие |
|---|---|---|---|
| John, Maria, Mr. Smith | Paris, Spain, Central High School | Google, The Empire State Building, Toyota | Monday, Christmas, World War II |
Примеры предложений:
- Maria is visiting Paris.
- I bought a new Toyota last Monday.
Ключевые правила и итог
- Capitalization:
- Common Nouns: Пишутся с заглавной буквы только в начале предложения.
- Proper Nouns: Всегда пишутся с заглавной буквы, независимо от их положения в предложении.
- Articles:
- Proper nouns often do not require articles (e.g., I live in London, not in the London).
- However, there are exceptions (e.g., The United States, The Sahara Desert).