Естественный род
Unlike many other languages, English nouns do not have grammatical gender. Instead, nouns have a natural gender, which refers to the actual sex of the person or animal they represent. Nouns can be masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Существительные мужского рода
These nouns refer to male persons or animals. They are typically replaced by the pronoun he or him.
| Существительное | Местоимение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| man | he | The man smiled; he was happy. |
| boy | he | The boy finished his homework; he went to play. |
| father | he | My father is tall; he plays basketball. |
| king | he | The king ruled the country; he was fair. |
Существительные женского рода
These nouns refer to female persons or animals. They are replaced by the pronoun she or her.
| Существительное | Местоимение | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| woman | she | The woman sang; she has a beautiful voice. |
| girl | she | The girl laughed; she was excited. |
| mother | she | My mother is kind; she always helps me. |
| queen | she | The queen waved to the crowd; she looked elegant. |
Общий род
Many nouns in English are of a common gender. They can refer to both male and female persons, and their gender is not specified by the noun itself.
| Существительное | Описание | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| student | can be a boy or a girl | The student handed in their paper. |
| teacher | can be a man or a woman | My teacher is great; I enjoy their classes. |
| doctor | can be a man or a woman | The doctor told me to rest. |
| friend | can be a man or a woman | I met a new friend today. |
Использование местоимений с существительными общего рода
When the gender of a common noun is unknown, modern English often uses singular they/them/their to avoid gender-specific language. In more formal contexts, phrases like he or she might be used.
- An artist should be proud of their work.
- A doctor must follow his or her oath.