Дополнение в английской грамматике
The object is a crucial element that completes the meaning of a verb and receives its action. Objects answer the questions whom? or what? after transitive verbs.
Основные характеристики дополнений
[Verb] → [Object]
Key Features:
- Always associated with transitive verbs (verbs that require an object)
- Могут быть существительными, местоимениями или именными фразами
- Может быть отдельными словами или сложными конструкциями
- Существенно для завершения значения многих глаголов
Примеры:
- She bought a new car.
- We visited them yesterday.
- He loves playing chess.
Типы дополнений
1. Прямые дополнения
Основной получатель действия глагола.
- She wrote a letter.
- They built a house.
2. Косвенные дополнения
Получатель или бенефициар прямого дополнения.
- He gave me a book. (me = indirect object)
- She told the children a story.
3. Дополнения предлогов
Существительные/местоимения, которые завершают предложные фразы.
- We talked about the project.
- She sat beside him.
Методы определения дополнения
| Метод | Процедура | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| Question Test | Ask whom? or what? after the verb | She ate an apple. (ate what?) |
| Passive Transformation | Дополнение становится подлежащим в пассивном залоге | Active: They painted the wall. Passive: The wall was painted. |
| Pronoun Substitution | Заменить объектными местоимениями (me, him, her и т.д.) | I see John → I see him. |
Особые случаи и исключения
- Cognate objects: Objects that repeat the meaning of the verb
She dreamed a strange dream.
- Phrasal verb objects: Can be separated in some cases
Turn the lights on / Turn on the lights.
- Dummy objects: 'It' used as placeholder
I find it hard to believe.
- Object complements: Words that describe the object
They elected him president.
Распространенные ошибки с дополнениями
- Subject-object confusion: Using subject pronouns instead of object pronouns
Incorrect: Between you and I
Correct: Between you and me - Missing objects: Forgetting required objects with transitive verbs
Incorrect: She gave.
Correct: She gave a present. - Word order errors: Placing objects incorrectly in questions
Incorrect: Whom did call you?
Correct: Whom did you call?