Освоение сравнения наречий
Наречия, как и прилагательные, могут выражать разные степени интенсивности через сравнительную и превосходную формы, позволяя проводить точные сравнения между действиями и качествами.
1. Правила образования
Правильное сравнение наречий
| Тип | Образование | Примеры | Примеры предложений |
|---|---|---|---|
| Односложные наречия | -er / -est | fast → faster → fastest | She runs fast → faster → fastest |
| Наречия, оканчивающиеся на -ly | more / most + наречие | quickly → more quickly → most quickly | He works quickly → more quickly → most quickly |
| Неправильные формы | Уникальные формы | well → better → best | She sings well → better → best |
Подробное руководство по образованию
- One-syllable adverbs: Typically add -er/-est
hard → harder → hardest
- Two-syllable adverbs: Some take -er/-est, others use more/most
early → earlier → earliest
often → more often → most often
- Three+ syllable adverbs: Always use more/most
carefully → more carefully → most carefully
2. Неправильное сравнение наречий
Исключения из правил
| Положительная степень | Сравнительная степень | Превосходная степень | Пример использования |
|---|---|---|---|
| well | better | best | She performs best under pressure. |
| badly | worse | worst | He sang worse than expected. |
| little | less | least | This happens least frequently. |
| much | more | most | I appreciate it most when you're honest. |
| far | farther/further | farthest/furthest | He threw the ball farthest. |
Особые примечания о неправильных формах
- Farther vs. further: Farther for physical distance, further for metaphorical distance
The store is farther away.
We need to discuss this further.
- Late vs. lately: Different meanings
She arrived late.
I've been tired lately.
3. Использование в предложениях
Сравнительные и превосходные конструкции
| Структура | Шаблон | Примеры |
|---|---|---|
| Сравнительная степень | наречие + than (чем) | She works more efficiently than her colleagues. |
| Превосходная степень | the + наречие в превосходной степени | He explains concepts the most clearly of all teachers. |
| Равенство | as + наречие + as (так же ... как) | I can swim as fast as you. |
| Отрицательное равенство | not as/so + наречие + as (не так ... как) | She doesn't sing as beautifully as her sister. |
Особые сравнительные формы
- Double comparatives: For increasing/decreasing intensity
She's speaking more and more quietly.
He runs less and less frequently.
- The...the... structure: For parallel comparisons
The harder you study, the better you'll perform.
Распространенные ошибки и важные примечания
- Confusing adjective and adverb forms:
Incorrect: She sings beautiful.
Correct: She sings beautifully.
- Double comparatives/superlatives:
Incorrect: She runs more faster than me.
Correct: She runs faster than me.
- Absolute adverbs: Some adverbs shouldn't be compared
Incorrect: This is the most perfectly designed system.
Better: This is perfectly designed.
- Very with comparatives: Use 'much' or 'far' instead
Incorrect: She's very better now.
Correct: She's much better now.
Практические упражнения
Укажите сравнительную и превосходную формы:
- quickly
- well
- early
- carefully
- badly
Завершите эти предложения правильно:
- She dances ______ (graceful) than her sister.
- Of all the students, he solves problems ______ (efficient).
- I don't drive ______ (fast) as you.