Размещение наречий по типу
Различные типы наречий имеют определенные правила размещения, которые помогают четко и естественно передавать смысл в английских предложениях.
1. Наречия образа действия
These describe how an action is performed. They typically appear:
Стандартные правила размещения:
- End position (most common)
She sang beautifully.
- Mid position (for emphasis or with short adverbs)
He quickly finished his work.
- Before prepositional phrases
They worked diligently on the project.
Особые случаи:
| Ситуация | Пример | Примечания |
|---|---|---|
| С фразовыми глаголами | He took off quickly. | После частицы |
| С пассивным залогом | The report was written carefully. | До или после фразы с 'by' |
| С 'well' | She speaks English well. | Никогда в средней позиции |
2. Наречия частоты
These indicate how often something occurs. Their placement depends on the verb type:
Подробные правила размещения:
| Тип глагола | Позиция | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| Простые времена | Перед основным глаголом | I often go swimming. |
| Глагол 'to be' | После глагола | She is always late. |
| Вспомогательные глаголы | После первого вспомогательного | We have never been there. |
| Эмфатическая позиция | Начало предложения | Sometimes, I eat breakfast. |
Шкала частоты:
- 100% - always (всегда), constantly (постоянно)
- 90% - usually (обычно), normally (в норме)
- 70% - often (часто), frequently (зачастую)
- 50% - sometimes (иногда), occasionally (время от времени)
- 10% - rarely (редко), seldom (почти никогда)
- 0% - never (никогда)
3. Наречия степени
These modify adjectives, adverbs, or verbs to show intensity. They typically appear immediately before what they modify:
Распространенные наречия степени:
| Наречие | Пример | Модифицирует |
|---|---|---|
| very | very fast | Прилагательные/наречия |
| too | too expensive | Отрицательный избыток |
| almost | almost finished | Глаголы |
| quite | quite interesting | Умеренная степень |
Особые случаи:
- Enough comes after the adjective/adverb:
She isn't tall enough.
- A lot and a little have special rules:
I like it a lot.
Дополнительные типы наречий
4. Наречия времени
- Definite time (end position)
I saw her yesterday.
- Indefinite time (mid or end position)
We recently moved.
5. Наречия места
- End position (after objects)
Put the box here.
- Before adverbs of time
She went outside yesterday.
6. Комментирующие наречия
- Front position (with comma)
Fortunately, we arrived on time.
- Mid position (less common)
We fortunately arrived on time.
Распространенные ошибки в размещении наречий
| Тип ошибки | Неправильно | Правильно |
|---|---|---|
| Наречие образа действия в средней позиции | She beautifully sings. | She sings beautifully. |
| Частота с 'to be' | She always is late. | She is always late. |
| Позиция наречия степени | It is interesting very. | It is very interesting. |
| Порядок наречий времени | I yesterday saw him. | I saw him yesterday. |